Out-out



(No Model.)

F. G. A.

HELLER.`

GUT-OUT.

No. 411,380. Patented Sept. 1'7, 1889.

S14/vento@ y@ a m @X3i/humaan y Q7 @www N PETERS. Plwln-Llmugnpmr. wnmington. u. C.

UNITED STATES FRIEDRICH GUSTAV ADOLF HELLER,

OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & I-IALSKE, OF SAME PLACE.

CUT-OUT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,380, dated September 1'?, 1889.

Application tiled February 8, 1889. Serial No. 299,122. (No model.) Patented in Germany February 28, 1888, No. 45,682; in France March 9,1888,No.189,229; in Belgium March9,1888,No. 80,948; in Sweden March 9, 1888,1To.1,585; in Italy March 9, 1888, XXII, 28,131, XLV, 446, XXII, 24,509, XLVIII, 50; in Austria-Hungary March 9, 1888, No. 23,175, and

No. 40,224, and in Norway March 20,1888, No. 885.

To @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRIEnEIcI-I GUsTAv ADOLE HELLER, engineer, a subject of the King of Saxony, residing at Berlin, in the 5 Kingdom of Prussia, and German Empire,

have invented certain new and useful improvements in self-acting short-circuits for electrical incandescent lamps arranged in series; and I do declare the following to be a Io full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures ot reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Letters Patent have been obtained for this invention as follows: in Germany, No. 45,682, dated February28, 1888; in France, No. 189,229, dated March 9, 1888; in Belgium, No. 80,948, dated March 9, 1888; `in Sweden, No. 1,585, dated March 9, 1888; in Norway, No. 885, dated March 20, 1888; in Italy, Reg. Gen. Vol. XXII, No. 28,181, Reg. Att. Vol. XLV, No. 416, and 2 5 Reg. Gen. Vol. XXII, No. 24,509, Reg. Att. Vol. XLVIII, No. 50, dated March 9, 1888, and in Austria-IiIungary, No. 28,17 5 and No. Lt0,224, dated March 9, 1888.

This invention relates to cut-outs for electric lamps; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of the parts, hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of a series of three lamps provided with cutouts according to the present invention, and showing the center lamp cut out of circuit. Fig. 2 is a detail side view of one of the cntouts drawn to a larger scale.

A are the lamps, which may be of any approved construction, connected to the linewire in the usual manner.

The automatic short-circuiting shunt or cut-out is applied to each lamp, so that if any lamp should fail the current in the line-Wire will continue to pass through the remaining lamps. Each cut-out consists of two opposed springs g g, depending from the lower part of each lamp and operatively included in the circuit. The lower ends of these springs are normally kept apart by the small solid body 5o f. This body f is composed ot a mixture of any sort of waxsuch as beeswax or paraftine-which melts at a low temperature and is a non-conductor of electricity. With the wax is mixed pulverized graphite or other 5 5 similar material in sufficient amount to permita very small current of electricity to pass through said composite body. All the time the lamps are emittin glight the wax remains solid, but directly any lamp tails the whole current 6o passes through the springs g g and body f. The resistance of the particles of graphite causes the wax to soften and melt, and the two springs come together, as shown under the middle lamp in the drawings, and cut the said lamp out of the circuit. The materials set forth are preferred, because they will permit the body to m elt at a very low temperature and without any smell, and the failing lamp will be cut out without any loss of time. 7o

lVhat I claim is- An automatic electric short-circuiting shunt consisting ot opposed springs g g, connected to the line-wires upon opposite sides of alamp and depending from the bottom ot it, and the 7 5 non-metallic body f, interposed between the lower ends of the said springs and composed of wax and pulverized graphite, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I aitix my signature in 8 presence of two witnesses.

FRIEDRICH GUSTAV ADOLF HELLER.

IVitnesses:

B. Roi, MARC M. RUTTEN. 

